The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.